Only Invertebrate Animals Are Used - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1286 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? Imagine, one day you come home from school or work and your beloved pet is missing. You post signs everywhere only to find your pet on the streets with red puffy eyes, and he is unable to even open them. Your pet has a tag on it saying, experiment #212 with the logo of your favorite makeup brand. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Only Invertebrate Animals Are Used" essay for you Create order You take your pet to the vet to find out that they have been tested on with some kind of chemical compound similar to mascara. Unfortunately, your pet has passed away due to the vet not being able to fix the complications from the infection. Your pet was one result of millions of animals being tested on for cosmetic purposes. Animal testing for beauty products should be illegal in the United States because it may permanently harm an animal or kill it. However, it is okay in the rare case that animal testing is used for medical purposes. Animal testing for beauty products began as early as 1938 when makeup and all of those things became more popular. Animal testing is when live-animals undergo a test for a formula in makeup, or a chemical going into the formula to test if its harmful to human skin or eyes. Only invertebrate animals are used, like mammals. Some people think that animal testing just stops at rats/mice but, for beauty products testing it can be dogs, cats, rabbits, and monkeys. Approximately, 100,000-200,000 animals suffer and die every year as a result of animal testing for beauty products. As previously stated, animal testing is to ensure that the makeup formula or a chemical going into the makeup is not harmful to our skin and eyes. To explain it a little more, they test it for its overall toxicity. If a beauty product like shampoo, sunscreen, eyeshadow, or mascara could permanently blind a person or burn their skin off, why would they want to use it? They use it because the companys products are in demand because of popularity. Popularity like celebrity endorsements, youtubers, or Instagram stars. The company should just use less harmful chemicals in their products so that they do not have to test the products on animals. A controversy surrounding animal testing is that the animals may suffer and die as a result of the pigment is just beautiful or my winged eyeliner looks flawless. These animal testings are cruel to animals, correct? Well, the United States has animal cruelty laws in all 50 states, yet this is still legal. Some companies have already banned animal testing with their beauty products, and are trying to put an end to all of it. The beauty company LUSH. For more than 30 years, they have been fighting against animal testing. Its Cruel and ineffective, and despite some changes in the last four decades, theres still so much more to be done, says the LUSH company. This company advertises for animal testing awareness on all of their products like bags, packaging, and even on the receipts. In Europe, India, Israel, and Norway animal testing for cosmetics are banned. One good thing that has come out of animal testing, is animal testing for medical purposes. Due to animals and people being able to get the same illnesses some research is very beneficial to humankind. All medical research is planned out, and experts only use animal experimentation for urgent purposes. Scientists do try to keep the welfare of the animal in mind as they are experimenting, which means a small number of an applicable species can be used. Veterinarians are an essential part of the medical research team. The veterinarians make sure that the animal is being treated humanely and they also provide the medical/surgical support. The animals are protected through laws, regulations, and policies to provide humane treatment to all of the animals in the research. The Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the Animal Welfare Act give details about day-to-day animal care. Some good examples of animal testing for medical research would be on dogs to discover insulin for people with diabetes, monkeys for the polio vaccine, pigs for skin grafts for burn victims, and mice for a rabies vaccine. Many people are against animal testing for beauty-products but, of course, we have people that would love to say that it is okay. Animals are a great way to further research on humans. This makes sense but, not all animals have the genetic makeup of a human. That means that these innocent animals that are not similar to humans were just inhumanely slaughtered all in the name of research. If scientists would like to discover more about humans, they could find some humans that have no problem being tested on. Some people believe that animal testing is cheaper than others. This is also false. The USA spends $16 million dollars annually for animal testing at the taxpayers dollar. Animal testing with beauty products is a short and fast process. The process to test if a companys eyeliner is not harmful, takes a while because they have to wait for the animals eyes or skin to get red, irritate, or burn. Chemicals are left on animals for up to 2 weeks to make sure all the side effects or infections are caught in the research before sending the product out in the market. Some alternative methods for animal testing are Computer models, Cells and tissue cultures, and Alternative organisms. The first method, Computer models. Computers can help to understand basic biology. There are computer generated simulations that can predict various biological and toxic effects of a chemical drug without animal testing. A common know software is Computer Aided Drug Design (CADD) which is used to identify the probable binding site and hence avoids testing of unwanted chemicals having no biological activity. Then when results are found, instead of putting animals through the whole process of testing, they can be used in the final stage for confirmation. The second method is the Cells and tissue cultures. The use of in vitro cell and tissue cultures which involve the growth of cells outside the body in a laboratory environment which can be an important alternative for animal experiments. Cells and tissue from the animals different organisms are taken out and can be stored outside if the body for months or even years. The chemical or formulas can then be tested on the cell or tissue and can see the reaction. The benefits correlated with these techniques are easy to follow, less time consuming, and less expensive. These methods are usually used for screening of a potential drug or chemical to check the toxicity. The third method is Alternative Organisms. The whole reason for using animal testing is to use animals with vertebrates, as stated before. So in this case, scientists could use alternative organisms like lower vertebrates, Danio rerio, this fish has a transparent body which gives easy visual access the internal anatomy. Another organism would be invertebrates, Drosophila melanogaster, also known as the fruit fly. This genome is a very common invertebrate studied in science. In Conclusion, animal testing should be illegal for beauty products because it harms the animals permanently, damages their eyesight or skin, and could potentially kill the animal if the chemical is harsh enough. If the chemical is that harmful, to begin with then those chemicals should not be distributed on the market. Using alternative methods would help the human population and keep all the animals safer. The exception to animal testing would only be for medical research to help the human race due to some animals containing the same genomes or genetic makeup as humans do.

The Legalization of Gay Marriage Essay - 2475 Words

Ask any American what values founded this country and you will get very similar responses: Liberty, Freedom, or justice. These values are instilled in each American and come as naturally to us as the air we breath, or do they? Just as women fought for suffrage, and African Americans in the civil rights movement, homosexuals battle for the right to marry. This issue is affecting Americans on several levels. Politically, gay marriage is one of the hot issues that public officials are asked to take a position on. Legally, matters of jurisdiction have caused uncertainty on whether a couple of the same sex will be recognized should they decide to move. Socially, America is still in turmoil due to how strongly both the†¦show more content†¦Homosexuals have the right to marry in five states: Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont. Leaving 45 states either unclear, such as California, which granted gay marriage in June of 2008 which was then appealed in N ov. 2008, or to ban gay marriage, such as Florida and Arizona. New York, Rhode Island and Maryland ban same sex marriage, but recognize unions from other jurisdictions (Badgett 2). This uncertainty began with the Defense of marriage act or DOMA. In 1996, President Bill Clinton passed the Defense of Marriage Act, a federal law defining marriage as a legal union between one man and one woman. Section 2 of the act gave states the ability not to recognize same sex unions from other jurisdictions, while section 3 was even more controversial. It was the section that prohibited the federal government from recognizing any same sex union. This was the the first of many judicial acts that would cause the hazy view of same sex marriage in America. On February 23, 2011 President Barack Obama stated section 3 to be unconstitutional, taking a momentous step toward equality. However, the issue is far from resolved on the state level (Savage and Stolberg 3). When have such separate and oppos ing views been allowed between states? What would America be like today had only five states allowed integration of African Americans into educational systems? It is argued that our country should agree to disagree and allowShow MoreRelatedLegalization Gay Marriage1099 Words   |  5 PagesLegalization of Gay Marriage What is the definition of marriage? The dictionary states it as being the legal union between a man and a woman as husband and wife. However, times are changing as the gay life style becomes more accepted by society it is time to allow all couples regardless of sex to enjoy equal protections, rights and benefits under the law. Perhaps, it makes the most sense to consider arguments against same sex marriage to realize why it should be legalized; these arguments touchRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1527 Words   |  7 PagesAnna Aiello Professor Jessica Lugo College Writing 1 25 September 2015 The Legalization of Gay Marriage A New York Times article honors that on June 26th, the United States declared same-sex marriage a right nationwide. â€Å"Love wins,† chanted the crowd outside the Supreme Court (Liptak). The Supporters of same-sex marriage celebrated the new feeling they received of love equality. For many years, homosexuals companions have been deprived from their right to become legally united. ThisRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1749 Words   |  7 PagesThe Legalization of Gay Marriage: A Step to Equality Imagine a world where heterosexuals are the minority. Straight people would be the ones fighting for the same rights as homosexuals. Same-sex marriages would be average and normal, while straight marriages would be frowned upon and considered unholy in the eyes of religion. Heterosexuals would be denied service at restaurants because of their sexuality, they would be called derogatory names while holding their partner’s hand and most importantlyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1411 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The legalization of gay marriages is one of the most controversial issues throughout particularly in modern life. This paper, based on secondary research, arguing for legalizing same-sex marriage through specific analysis of its positive influences. In particular, there are two main benefits regarding society as well as economy. The finds of the research indicate that gays or lesbians are completely an important part of society. Therefore, they must have the rights to live and marry legallyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1638 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant cultural development in America in the last twenty-five years has definitely been the legalization of gay marriage. Few other issues in public policy have resulted in such a dramatic shift in public opinion as the controversy same-sex marriage and the rights that come along with the institute of marriage. The decade of the seventies was the time when numerous state statutes materialized defining marriages to only be valid between and man and a woman. Later in the nineties and on into two-thousandsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1269 Words   |  6 Pages It appears people are less frequently getting married to hide being gay than in the past. Now it has be-come more prominent socially. The legalization of gay marriage has led to more people feeling comfortable coming out. There are definitely still people that hide being gay due to family, friends, or religious lack of acceptance. This could af-fect treatment of patient if they do not fully tell the physician their full sexual history. In the video, one of the characters said, â€Å"everything in itsRead MoreLegalization of Gay Marriage1319 Words   |  6 PagesREGINA KHOR MAY LIN AA09179 Relationship Should we legalize same-sex marriage in our country? To persuade To persuade my audience that we should legalize same-sex marriage in our country. Same-sex marriage should be legalized since it is the natural form of the marriage evolution, part of human rights and able to prevent psychological stress from the LGB community. (LGB- lesbian, gays and bisexuals) Problem and solution I.INTRODUCTION Picture this... A man meets someoneRead MoreLegalization of Gay Marriage Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of gay marriage has been a major controversial topic for a long time. Although, many people do not know what it means to be homosexual, most people do not know the actual definition of homosexuality and they do not know how difficult it is to be gay in this society. There are many reasons why people are against gay marriage and homosexuals all together. Most of the reasons are based on religious bias another big reason is being afraid of the unknown. Some smaller reasons are that beingRead MoreEssay about Legalization of Gay Marriage1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of gay marriage in the U.S. bears the same stigma as have prior civil rights issues, and as such should be proposed as one of utmost importance, and careful consideration. If our government, as it claims, is secular in nature, then it would be wrong for it to base its treatment of individuals ou tside the boundaries of what is naturally understood as the right of every man, woman, and child, to pursue a lifestyle that is fulfilling. By the same token, white people, black peopleRead MoreAbortion, Gay Marriage, And The Legalization Of Marijuana2946 Words   |  12 Pagesgatherings, private debate, and especially political races. Whether you know it or not, if you assimilate into society in anyway, you probably have an opinion on some issues in today’s culture. Some major topics in today’s news are abortion, gay marriage, and the legalization of marijuana. These issues have increasingly divided us as a society, and have also infiltrated into our political affiliation. The two major parties, Democrats and Republicans, have never been able to see eye to eye on theses issues

China And Russia Journal Of Business Ethics -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Quetion: Discuss About The China And Russia Journal Of Business Ethics? Answer: Introduction In this competitive market, global business marketing provides an opportunity for the business organizations to sustain in the competitive market. After a certain time, the domestic market becomes saturated for the business organization thereby, hampering the overall revenue and business. The business organization develops and implements international marketing in order to ensure growth for their company. Global business marketing allows the business organizations to create new market along with increasing their customer base thereby, increasing the annual revenue. This report introduces the PESTLE analysis of Russia, as Ugg Australia aim towards globally expanding their business to Russia. Overview of Ugg Australia Australian Leather Pty Ltd is a footwear manufacturing company that is manufacturing ugg boots since early 1990. The Sydney manufacturer uses sheepskins to manufacture the boots and is estimated to manufacture more than 50,000 pairs of boots annually. An estimated cost of the Australian leather ugg boots is $89 ("Australian Ugg Boots Pty Ltd", 2017). However, the Sydney manufacturer of ugg boots is facing a legal battle with a global American footwear company that is preventing the Sydney manufacturer to use the name ugg (Cormack, 2017). The court has taken legal action against the Sydney ugg boots manufacturer in the favour of the Deckers Corporation partnered American ugg footwear manufacturer. However, the owner of the Sydney ugg boot manufacturer has stated that they are nothing like the American ugg footwear. Due to the clash of the name ugg, the global American Ugg manufacturers have shut down several Australian small manufacturers of ugg boots ("Ugg Boots | Uggs | Australian U GG | Sheepskin Boots ~ Jumbo Ugg", 2017). The Australian Leather Pty Ltd has aimed towards globally expanding their business to Russia, as the Australian market has become saturated due to the rise of various small ugg boot manufacturers. The Ugg Australia predicts competitive advantage and business growth by expanding the business internationally to Russia. PESTLE Analysis of Russia Ugg Australia conducts a PESTLE analysis in order to analyse the external environment of Russia thereby, judging the suitability and predicting the success of the global expansion. The PESTLE analysis of Russia is furnished below: Political Russia is federation of Russia with semi-presidential republic Open foreign relationship strategy Russia had official relationship with 191 countries and 144 embassies until 2009 The political side takes the main role of running the business of the entire country. Economic Russia is greatly dependent on the natural resources, that is, oil and gas. The GDP of Russia ranks 10th in the world economy In respect to agriculture, Russia is considered the 4th largest Constantly growing economy Social Russia is highly affected by HIV and alcohol poisoning Russia is well-known for literature, music, ballet, philosophers, and sports Unevenly distributed population throughout Russia Russias society health is negatively affected due to health conditions, diseases and depressions. Technological Rich in science tradition Russia is the first country to sent people in space Russia has paid more attention to developing advanced technology such as Rosnano and Nanotechnology Russia surprised the entire world by their advanced aerospace engineering. Legal The legal structure facilitates foreign investors Biased courts Judiciary suffers from state interference and corruption Russia ranks 3rd in terms of the pending human rights cases in the European Court Environmental Government has taken initiative to reduce pollution Low water quality along with poor agricultural practices Higher rate of carbon emission Degradation of natural resource base Political: Russia has become the federation of the semi-presidential republic in 12th December 1993. Since Putins president ship in 2000, Russia has encountered several changes in the political system thereby, becoming active on the international stage. Therefore, the legislative and the political power of Russia are centralized and are shared between the Prime Minister and President of the country. The political nature of the country influences opens foreign relationship strategy. As a result, no difference is present between the national and international foreign investors. Until 2009, Russia had an official relationship with 191 countries and 144 embassies that facilitated business. The political department of the country holds the main role thereby, regulating the entire business of the country (Brovkin, 2015). Economic: The economy of Russia is unpredictable and highly volatile. Russia is greatly dependent on the natural resources such as the price of the crude oil. Due to the decline in the oil prices and trade wars between the US and the Europe, Russia encountered recession in 2014 and 2015. Though considered as a developed country, Russia has unstable economic parameters such as labour productivity. Russia has the 10th largest economy in the world and the 4th largest agriculture (Malle, 2013). The 2008 recession largely affected the economy and Russia encountered an adverse financial crisis. Reports suggest that the annual GDP growth for Russia in 2008 was 5.24% but declined drastically to -7.281% due to the recession. However, the spontaneous and active actions by the Central Bank and the Government, Russia uplifted the declining economy by 2014. The International Monetary Fund and the Central Bank predicts that Russia will be able to resume the normal GDP by 2017 (Lipman et al., 2012). Social: Russia is well known for its contribution to literature, philosophies, music, ballet, and sports. However, Russia has unevenly distributed population, as the western and the southern part of the country are densely populated. Russia is one of the largest countries in the world covering approximately 16 million square kilometers with different time and climate zones. The Russian population encounters severe health issues due to alcohol poisoning, HIV, heart conditions, and depressions. The average life expectancy in Russia is lower than 70.9 years that is expected to increase due to a healthier lifestyle (Dias, 2013). Technological: Russia is extremely rich in science tradition and culture and is one of the first countries that sent people to space. Russia has greatly emphasized in developing advanced technology such as Rosnano and Nanotechnology and has surprised the world by their advanced aerospace engineering successfully. Russia ranks 62nd among 138 countries in terms of the technological readiness and is ranked 56th in terms of innovations (Wcislo, 2014). Compared to the other OCED countries, 10% of the Russian companies are reported to use technological advancements. Digitalization and extensive use of the internet have changed the traditional way of doing business for Russia. More than 70 million Russian business organizations use internet for business thereby, providing endless opportunity for the companies. However, on the contrary, in terms of using technology in education, Russia has failed to reach the standard of the European countries (Lee, Speight Loyalka, 2014). Legal: The strength and independence of the rule of law are considered poor in Russia compared to other countries in the world. The legal system and judiciary of Russia suffer corruption and state interferences thereby, resulting in biased courts. However, the legal structure of Russia highly facilitates foreign investors. Russia ranks 3rd in terms of the pending human rights cases in the European Court (Epifanova et al., 2015). According to the Constitutional Court of Russia, the decisions of the international court can be overruled if they fail to correspond with the Russian Constitution. Compared to the state agencies, the inter-firm court rulings are much fairer (Boussena Locatelli, 2013). Environmental: As Russia is highly dependent on the natural resources such as oil and gases, it is predicted that the country would exhaust the natural resources completely very soon. Russia has low water quality thereby, resulting in poor agricultural practices. Russia has a higher rate of carbon emission that results in global warming, dangerous weather events. Considering the higher rate of environmental impact, the Government of Russia has developed policies that address climate change, environmental sustainability and issues (Jorgens, 2012). Doing business in Russia After conducting the PESTLE analysis, it can be said that Russia is a suitable country for global market expansion for Ugg Australia. The partnership between World Trade Organization and Russian Federation facilitates business for the foreign investors and companies (Zhao, 2012). The steady recovery of the Russian economy from the hard-hit recession provides many opportunities for Ugg Australia to commence business in the country. Additionally, the suitable political and legal structure of Russia also provides a suitable business opportunity for Ugg Australia, as Russia does not distinguish between national and international business organizations (Cavusgil, Ghauri Akcal, 2012). Additionally, the technological advancements of Russia are also a justified reason for Ugg Australia to expand globally their business in the country. Ugg Australia needs to implement franchising entry mode for entering the Russian market. The franchising entry mode strategy will provide an opportunity for g lobally to minimize the risk of growth and expanding their capital easily (Ardichvili et al., 2012). Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that Ugg Australia is a Sydney based ugg boot manufacturer that is facing legal issues with the internationally recognized American Ugg footwear. However, the owner of Ugg Australia has claimed that they have no similarity with the American ugg footwear manufacturer. Ugg Australia aim towards globally expanding their business to Russia due to saturated home country market and sustain in the competitive market. The analysis of the external environment of Russia suggested that the country is suitable for global expansion for Ugg Australia due to stable and encouraging political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental scenarios. References Ardichvili, A., Jondle, D., Kowske, B., Cornachione, E., Li, J. and Thakadipuram, T., 2012. Ethical cultures in large business organizations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(4), pp.415-428. Australian Ugg Boots Pty Ltd. (2017). Australianuggboots.com.au. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from https://www.australianuggboots.com.au/en-au Boussena, S., Locatelli, C. (2013). Energy institutional and organisational changes in EU and Russia: Revisiting gas relations. Energy Policy, 55, 180-189. Brovkin, V. N. (2015). Behind the front lines of the civil war: political parties and social movements in Russia, 1918-1922. Princeton University Press. Cavusgil, S. T., Ghauri, P. N., Akcal, A. A. (2012). Doing business in emerging markets. Sage. Cormack, L. (2017). David and Goliath battle as Sydney boot manufacturer fights to use the word 'ugg'. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/consumer-affairs/australian-ugg-boot-manufacturers-fighting-to-use-the-word-ugg-20160523-gp1pwt Dias, V. A. (2013). The EU and Russia: competing discourses, practices and interests in the shared neighbourhood. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 14(2), 256-271. Epifanova, T., Romanenko, N., Mosienko, T., Skvortsova, T., Kupchinskiy, A. (2015). Modernization of institutional environment of entrepreneurship in Russia for development of innovation initiative in small business structures. European Research Studies, 18(3), 137. Jeffries, I. (2013). The new Russia: a handbook of economic and political developments. Routledge. Jrgens, H. (2012). National environmental policies: A comparative study of capacity-building. Springer Science Business Media. Lee, S., Speight, J. G., Loyalka, S. K. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of alternative fuel technologies. crc Press. Lipman, M., Malashenko, A., Petrov, N., Trenin, D. (2012). Russia on the Move. M.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Ugg Boots | Uggs | Australian UGG | Sheepskin Boots ~ Jumbo Ugg. (2017). Jumbougg.com.au. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from https://www.jumbougg.com.au/ Wcislo, F. W. (2014). Reforming rural Russia: State, local society, and national politics, 1855-1914. Princeton University Press. Zhao, M. (2012). CSR-based political legitimacy strategy: Managing the state by doing good in China and Russia. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(4), 439-460.